Disease Diagnosis

It is very difficult of the disease iand its causal organism is to effective management and cure conventionally disease diagnosis is based on the following.
(1) Microscopy. The specimen are subjected to microscopic examination for detection of the causal organism for example stool examination for ova and cyst.
(2) Culture of the specimen on specific and selective media to allow specific pathogens to grow which are then tested for their susceptibility to various therapeutic agents for example antibodies.
(3) Immunological assay for specific antigens present on the surface of pathogens.
(4) Detection and measurement of the pathogen specific antibodies produced by the patient in response to the invasion by pathogen in case of viral infections.

These tests are tedious take long time culture methods may yield result immunological assays since they are based on polyclonal and some of them can not be applied in certain case for example antibody titre in case of latent viral infections. Novel diagnostic approaches have been by biotechnology which are precise and very rapid (1) probes and (2) monoclonal antibodies.